Ship Construction

This subject covers:

1. Introduction:

Principal types of vessels, names of different parts of ship, special terminology.

2. Ships Strains:

Structural strains in ships, hogging & sagging in still water & waves, racking, direct effect of water pressure, indirect effect of longitudinal bending, panting, pounding, local loading, docking strains.

3. Materials:

Materials used in ship construction, standard sections used for riveted & welded constructions, types of welds used, welded constructional details, weld testing, review of available materials from considerations of mechanical, constructional & economic aspects.

4. Frames:

Frames & their functions, transverse & longitudinal systems of framing, dimensions & spacing of frames, position & method of attaching of ordinary frames, intermediate frames, web frames, deep frames, inter coastal frame, bevelling of frames, advantages, spacing & method of attachment of longitudinal framing, longitudinal framing method for construction of oil tankers & bulk carriers, combined framing systems.

5. Double Bottom:

Types of keel, construction of flat plate keel, bilge keel of single plate & double plate type, advantages, sizes & methods of double bottom construction, solid & open floors, longitudinal girders, inner bottom plating & margin plate, bilge bracket, preservation of surfaces inside the tank, testing of tanks, boiler, engine & thrust block seatings.

6. Shell Plating:

Function of deck beams, sections used for beam & factors governing beam sizes, beam brackets, attachment of beams to ship's side, hatch-end beams, camber of beams, function of shell plating, identification of plates, coffin plate, boss plate, sheer plate, stealer plate, bulwark, various methods of securing shell plating, disposition of butts, welded versus riveted shell seams, functions of deck plating, attachment of deck plating, openings in deck plate, method of compensation, cargo holds, hatch openings, methods of compensation, hatch corner constructions, securing devices, different types of hatch covers, refrigerated hold construction, insulation.

7. Bulkhead:

Functions of bulkheads, strength bulkhead, sub-division bulkhead & tank bulkhead, number of bulkhead in a ship, ''Margin of Safety'' line, construction of transverse & longitudinal water tight bulkheads & connections of bulkhead stiffeners, compensating liner & horizontal bracket, corrugated bulkhead, swash bulkhead, openings in bulkheads, testing of bulkheads, cofferdams, permeability, floodable length curves, factor of sub-division, SOLAS convention, water tight door construction & closing arrangements.

8. Pillars:

Functions of pillars, size, arrangement & super positions of pillars, types & methods of attachment for pillars subjected to compression or tension, functions of girders & their attachment.

9. Stern Frame & Rudder:

Function of stern frame, type of stern frames for single & multiple screw vessels, cast & fabricated frames, materials for construction & tests, method of attachment to the ship, types of rudders, advantages, area & shape of rudder, construction of single plate rudder, its support, construction of double plate rudder, balanced rudder, its support, rudder bearers, steering aids, center guide rudder principle, Pleuger active rudder, Voith Schneider propeller.

10. Stern & Bow:

Different types of sterns & their advantages, construction of counter & cruiser stern, attachment & construction of A-bracket, spectacle frames & framing in way of boss, new construction, plate stem, bulbous bow, advantages, construction, structural arrangements in fore part of the ship, panting & pounding arrangements, collision bulkhead, anchor & cable arrangement.

11. Shipyard Practice:

Mold loft, fabrication, assembly.

12. Free Board & Tonnage:

Principle dimensions, definitions of ship terms, international regulations, load line markings, conditions of assignment, classifications, general definition of tonnage, under-deck tonnage, gross tonnage, net tonnage, exemptions, deductions, dead weight tonnage, propelling power allowance, canal regulations, IMCO.

13. Special Ship Types:

Bulk carriers, ballast capacity & piping, grain carriers, OBO carriers, LNG & LPG carriers, methane gas carriers, tankers for carrying liquid sulphur, container ships, lash ships, passenger vessels, dredgers, tugs, special purpose vessels.

14. Ship Surveys:

An outline knowledge of ship survey rules, functions of ship classification societies, surveys during construction of the vessel, periodic surveys for retention of class, tonnage certificates & their purpose, load-line, period & conditions of validity of certificate, requirements of annual survey, surveys subsequent to re-floating a vessel after grounding.